Religious Coursework

Religious Coursework Religious Coursework Religious Coursework Usually algorithm of religious coursework writing includes the following: The choice of religious coursework topics: Creation of the coursework outline. Collecting material for college coursework writing. Writing coursework draft. Making the necessary additions and changes. Final editing before turning in the coursework. Religious coursework writing is a self-study of the student, formulated in the form of a scientific work. Religious coursework writing is an essential part of the educational process. The purpose of college religious coursework is: firstly, to give the student an opportunity to conduct an independent scientific study, to deepen the knowledge of general religious course; secondly, to determine the student's ability to conduct scientific research. Coursework topic should be associated with the program studied at religious course. Topic may be assigned by the adviser as well as proposed by the student. Religious coursework contains the following main parts: introduction, theory, the results, discussion of the results, conclusions, and the recommendation. In the introduction you should, firstly, justify the need of the proposed study and, secondly, explain your interest and the value of selected coursework. It should provide answers to the questions: "What is already known about the problem? Who has already done something to solve the problem? What results were obtained prior to your research? With the help of what methods they were obtained? Clearly show what you are going to investigate, highlight "the main sector" of the issue, and clearly define the goal. Keep in mind that your reader might have a different interpretation of the problem and it is your responsibility to deliver the intended message. Show the methods you will use to solve the problem. Highlight strengths and weaknesses of the used methods, the complexity and difficulties of such coursework writing. Coursework Help Coursework writers should pay attention to style they use for writing coursework. The language of the English courseworkmust to be scientific, not conversational. At the same time, heavy and unusual verbal constructions are unlikely to give greater solidity to your writing. It is needless to recall that the college coursework should be written in accordance to assigned format. Once the coursework is written and turned in to the adviser, the work is not over yet because you would have to deliver a speech to protect your coursework. The procedure doesn;t contain anything terrible, you will have to tell few words about your English coursework (in fact - squeezing from introduction and conclusion). Here, the main thing is confidence, the ability to pick up the most important tings, clearly and concisely express your thoughts. .com We offer you an opportunity to benefit from professional religious coursework writing service at our site. We hire exceptionally experienced and educated writers who are confident in their writing abilities. We guarantee originality and timely delivery. Custom essay writing service is your chance to improve grades. Read also: Nursing School Admission Essay Custom Admission Essay College Entrance Essay Outline Application Essay Admission Essay Writing

Space Hazards as a Challenge to Astronauts

Space Hazards as a Challenge to Astronauts Introduction Space hazards refer to the events that take place beyond the surface of the earth and that may affect the health of an individual. The study of space is best understood under the subject of astronomy which explains what space is composed of as well as what can be done and what cannot be done in space. Astronauts are best positioned to operate in space since they have studied the universe and understand the risks and the benefits of the operations in space.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Space Hazards as a Challenge to Astronauts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various hazards that are associated with space which are mainly as a result of the events that are carried out in space. Aircrafts are the most common manmade objects in space as well as other objects that astronauts use in the space operations. Space hazards are mainly as a result of the effects of weather, radiation. Astronom y Astronomy refers to the â€Å"science that investigates the distribution, composition, physical state, movement and evolution of material in the universe beyond the earth’s surface† (Becker 1). The distribution of matter or energy includes its position, arrangement and frequency over a certain area in the universe or in the whole space. The composition of matter includes its chemical composition qualitatively and quantitatively. For instance, the qualitative composition of the sun includes hydrogen and helium while its quantitative composition includes the numerical or actual percentages of the substances that make it up i.e. the volume of the sun is made up of 95% hydrogen and 5% helium while its mass is made up of 78% hydrogen, 20% helium and 2% heavy metals (Becker 1). The physical state of the matter in the universe can either be in the form of â€Å"solid, liquid, gas or plasma† (Becker 1). On the other hand, the movement of material in space involves the ir positional change which mainly involves rotation and revolution. Finally, the evolution of matter in space refers to the theories that have been put across by scholars to explain the origin and the future of matter in the universe. Some of these theories include the steady state, the big bang and the oscillating universe (Becker 1). Space hazards Many space hazards occur in the universe every day and not only affect the objects operating directly in space but also technological processes on the surface of the earth such as communication, power grids and others (NASA 1). The effects of space hazards are so extreme since space is one of the most extreme environments imaginable with experiences of extreme temperature, extremely hot and extremely cold as well as threatening levels of radiation. These are the conditions that aircrafts are subjected to when they are operating above the insulating layer of the earth (Cain 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on astronomy? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Launching is one of the extreme situations. The space craft is maintained in the space from the pull of gravity by the rocket which enables it to have enough mass and speed thus avoiding the pull of gravity from the much heavier objects near them (Jessa 3). While launching, this very â€Å"rocket shakes the air craft violently and batters it with extremely loud sound waves† (Cain 3). These phenomena are capable of shattering the delicate parts of the space craft thus causing space hazards (Cain 3). The extreme temperatures in space are again prone to causing space hazards on the objects operating in space like the aircrafts. Weather conditions vary extremely â€Å"temperatures in space go hundreds of degrees below the freezing point and hundreds of degrees up especially when the spacecrafts are near the sun† (Cain 6). Though there is no air in space, energy from the sun is transfe rred through radiation which when absorbed by the spacecrafts, it causes a lot of heating in objects that have such machines as computers that ought to operate under moderate temperatures. Though engineers have put effort to make spacecrafts models in such a manner that they have features that can withhold these conditions, this is not always the case as explained below (Cain 6). As we have seen earlier, energy in space is transferred through radiation either through â€Å"trapped and the transient types† (Cain 8). The trapped radiation is composed of sub atomic particles mainly the protons and the neutrons which are usually trapped by the earth magnetic field thus creating Van Allen radiation fields around the planet (Angelo 124). It has been noted that, â€Å"the transient radiation is mainly composed of protons and cosmic rays which constantly streams in space especially during magnetic storms on the sun† (Cain 8). The transient radiation can be so harmful in that w hen they collide with electronic circuit, they are capable of interfering with the content of memory, they can cause spurious flow of currents around the object or even burn out computer chips (Cain 8). Space hazards can also be caused by meteor showers. These refer to the little dust particles that make shooting stars visible to us while traveling through space. They are capable of sand blasting some useful large rays of the solar panels thus affecting their importance (Cain 15). A NASA-funded study carried out in January 2009 describes the consequences of solar eruptions on communication, power grids and other technology on the surface of the earth, the risks of extreme conditions in space as a result of magnetic activity on the sun and effects of extreme space weather (NASA 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Space Hazards as a Challenge to Astronauts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the stu dy, the sun is the most vital star on the surface of the earth but its contribution towards space hazards is adverse. Apart from â€Å"emitting a consistent stream of plasma, it often releases quite a large volume of tons of matter known as the coronal mass ejections† (NASA 5). The study further confirmed that space weather produces solar storm electromagnetic field which induces extreme currents on wire resulting to various adverse effects. Some of the most common effects of this induction on wires include power line disruptions which results to widespread blackouts and also disrupts communication cables that supports the internet. Extreme space weather produces solar energetic particles and causes dislocation of earth’s radiation belts. (NASA 5) These phenomena are capable of damaging satellites used for â€Å"commercial communications, global positioning and weather forecasting† (NASA 5). The modern advancement in technology did not mark the beginning of its problems with space weather since these problems were recorded since the nineteenth century when the telegraph was invented (NASA 5). The professor and director of the laboratory for atmospheric and space physics at the University of Colorado really appreciated NASA efforts for beginning the extremely challenging task of investigating on space hazards in a quantitative way. This is because their impacts are equally as much as those of natural hazards on the earth’s surface and need not be ignored. Space travel health and safety issues For a long time, space travel has been associated with a lot of accidents and hazards thus leaving the activity to just a small number of highly trained and highly motivated individuals. The Apollo, an American space program, recorded three major hazards of space travel â€Å"1 Mission Fire of January 27, 1986, the Challenger accident of January 28, 1986 and the Colombia accident of February 1, 2003† (Angelo 123). These hazards have made space travel to be approached with a lot of consciousness such that it will remain a highly hazardous undertaking in now and in the near future, unless, something is done about it (Angelo 123). There are various health and safety issues concerning space travel some of which include:Advertising Looking for research paper on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Launch abort, spaceflight and space based assembly and construction accidents, life support system failure, collisions of space vehicles and habitats with space debris and meteoroids, ionized radiation hazards, psychological stress due to strenuous living conditions and many others. (Angelo 124) The three major challenges that people living in space face are â€Å"the substantial acceleration and deceleration forces when leaving and returning to earth, living and working in weightless conditions for long periods of time and chronic exposure to space radiations† (Angelo 124). Astronauts and cosmonauts usually experience up to a maximum of six times acceleration as compared to that of the earth’s surface. These conditions result to some physical difficulties such as space adaptation syndrome, feelings of isolation and stress as well as post flight recovery problems. Microgravity or weightlessness results to bone calcium loss and though most of its other effects recover a few weeks after return to earth, this may take longer especially after a long duration space mission. Space travelers throughout circular and interplanetary are bombarded by galactic cosmic rays, which are very energetic atomic particles that contain protons, helium nuclei and heavy nuclei. These rays expose individuals to excess ionizing radiation doses as compared to the standards set for various space missions and occupations (Angelo 124). Mars expedition personnel and lunar surface base workers’ are prone to experiencing various psychological disorders, some of which include solipsism syndrome and shimanaghasi syndrome. Solipsism syndrome is a state of mind where a person feels like every occurrence is not real but a dream and is usually as a result of small space base or confined expedition vehicle. The shimanaghasi syndrome is a feeling of isolation where an individual feels left out even when life is comfortable; a situation which requires proper communication with th e earth and careful design of living quarters (Angelo 125). Conclusion Livings, traveling through space, working and other space missions have been quite challenging and are yet to be since the ever present dangers and hazards have not yet found a solution. However, there is a group of highly motivated and trained individuals who may continue enjoying the extraterrestrial lifestyle which outweighs any personal risks. Though space hazards have been a challenge to most astronauts, a few things can be put together to curb the challenge. First, most of the psychological and health issues related to the space hazards can be attended to medically. Angelo, Joseph. Encyclopedia of space and astronomy. New York. InfoBase Publishing, 2006. Print. Becker, Gary. Astronomy Survival Website. Astronomy, 1990. Web. Cain, Fraser. â€Å"Some of the Hazards in Space†,  2004. Web. Jessa, Tega. Orbit Universe Today, 2009. Web. NASA. New study reveals hazards of severe space weather. Astronomy, 2009. Web.

Wal_mart Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wal_mart - Assignment Example Wal-Mart’s centralized approach and the amount of sales it makes every year gives it the power to act as leader in its channel. The network that Wal-Mart has built up over the years is the rationale for its powerful channeling. The service strategy at Wal-Mart is satisfying its customers and building long-term relationship with them through offering lowest prices for their goods. Wal-Mart is famous for its everyday low prices and has positioned itself as a giant in giving best buys as compared to its competitors. The intensive pricing chopping at Wal-Mart demands a strong and fierce distribution network. The retailer translates its strategy by having a strong network of distributors from all over the world. While importing can be a hassle for an ordinary retailer, it is a fast option for bringing low cost product in the local market for Wal-Mart. In order to keep up with lowest product prices Wal-Mart has been known to be very strict with its suppliers. This retailer is blamed to force its suppliers and influence them into packaging on Wal-Mart’s terms and conditions. The company is also known as looking at the accounts of their suppliers and forces them to cut their profits and charge low prices to Wal-Mart. Thus in order to keep up with its name and image of everyday low prices Wal-Mart’s information search goes from priority packaging to searching through the accounts of their

Grass Growth in the Presence of Salt Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Grass Growth in the Presence of Salt - Lab Report Example Investigation of relevant literature reveals that grasses exposed to high levels of salt can suffer root damage, disease, and are less resistant to drought (Swift & Koski, 2007). Furthermore, studies have shown that as the salinity levels increased, root, shoot, stem, height, growth, and visual quality decreased in the grasses (Alvarez, 2006). It has also been noted that certain species of grasses are more resistant to salinity than other types of grass and can even flourish in salty waters (Vasques, 2006). The scientific method will be used to answer the question: Is grass growth inhibited by the presence of salt? Hypothesis: The saline levels present will have a direct effect on the growth rate of the grasses tested in that more salt will decrease the growth rates and less salt will allow the grasses to grow and flourish. Prediction: If the salt levels are increased then the growth of grass will decrease and vice versa. Controlled Experimental Method: To test the hypothesis, a cont rolled experiment will be conducted in the following manner: Two types of grasses are selected and cultivated under normal conditions in small pots for approximately three weeks to establish hearty seedlings. Each type of grass-Eragrostis Love grass and Miscanthus Adagio- are cultivated in four pots each. One pot of each type of grass will be used as a control and will not receive any salt. One pot of each type of grass will be watered in a solution that is 0.25% saline, 0.50% saline, and 0.75% saline. The plants will be grown for a total of 4 weeks (28 days) under test conditions and each plant of the eight plants will be watered every other day with the respective solutions. The soil will be tested weekly to determine the salinity levels of each plant and observations will be made daily to determine the quality of the plant. Measurements of the growth of each plant will be taken on a weekly basis and the data will be compiled and analyzed at the end of the 30 day experiment. The e ntire experiment and all variables will be redundant in case any of the plants experience unexpected complications or there should be the accidental introduction of an unforeseen variable. Results: The salinity levels and growth rates for the grasses are indicated (see Figure 1) as recorded each week. The predicted outcome was achieved and the hypothesis was proven correct. The saline levels had a direct effect on the growth rates of the grasses although the love grass proved to be a heartier species of grass and was less affected by the amounts of salt present. Figure 1- Growth Rates and Salinity Levels for sample Grasses WEEK 0 WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 Growth Salinity Growth Salinity Growth Salinity Growth Salinity Growth Salinity Control Love grass 8† 0 mmhos/cm 12† 0 mmhos/cm 13† 0 mmhos/cm 19† 0 mmhos/cm 22† 0 mmhos/cm Control Adagio 5† 0 mmhos/cm 8† 0 mmhos/cm 12† 0 mmhos/cm 15† 0 mmhos/cm 18† 0 mmhos/cm Love grass 0.25% 8† 0 mmhos/cm 11† 3 mmhos/cm 13.5† 5 mmhos/cm 17† 8 mmhos/cm 20† 10 mmhos/cm Adagio 0.25% 5† 0 mmhos/cm 8† 3 mmhos/cm 11† 5 mmhos/cm 13† 8 mmhos/cm 15† 10 mmhos/cm Love grass 0.50% 8† 0 mmhos/cm 9† 6 mmhos/cm 10† 10 mmhos/cm 11† 15 mmhos/cm 12† 18 mmhos/cm Adagio 0.50% 5† 0 mmhos/cm 7† 6 mmhos/cm 9† 10 mmhos/cm 11† 15 mmhos/cm 13† 18 mmhos/cm Love grass 0.75% 8† 0 mmhos/cm 8.75† 10 mmhos/cm 9† 16 mmhos/cm 10† 20 mmhos/cm 10.75† 24 mmhos/cm Adagio 0.75% 5† 0 mmhos/cm 6† 10 mmhos/cm 6.75† 16 mmhos/cm 7.5† 20 mmhos/cm 8.75† 24 mmhos/cm Conclusion: The results of this experimented has proven that the hypothesis can definitively be accepted. In addition, the supplementary information

Willy Russell portray serious issues Essay Example for Free

Willy Russell portray serious issues Essay He uses Standard English, but with a regional accent. So he fits into the social context of the play. His vocabulary is direct; this symbolises a direct message. His voice is also assertive but he doesnt show any emotion, which shows hes detached from whats going on. Hes dramatically effective because he is entwined in speech and action. The speech sequences between Linda and Mickey are interrupted by the narrator, which shows a dramatic presence. He comes at unexpected and dramatic times, which is engaging for the audience. The director also says shoes upon the table and gypsies in the wood this symbolises a warning and verbally foreshadows the rest of the play. The issue of superstition is portrayed in an entertaining way because the narrator is saying in between speeches. He is slightly menacing; this creates shock to the audience, which engages them. You could say that the narrator is seen like the devil. Comic devices are also used when there were adults dresses as children and they behave in an immature manner. The milkman being the gynaecologist also adds to the humour, from the quote actually Ive given up the milk round and gone into medicine. Im your gynaecologist. From this the audience would subconsciously see the issues in an entertaining way. The humorous language from quotes previously also build up the entertainment and adds to the comic devices they go together well in tandem. Mickey and Linda growing up has a humorous side to it because they deal with small problems, which are humorous. Mickey says I dont wanna die and Linda says But you have to Mickey. Everyone does. Like your twinny died. Mickey here is frightened that Sammy might kill him with a fake air pistol, but Linda calms Mickey down. But as they grow up we see a serious issue of it, like their baby, finances and trying to find a house. A lot of stress comes to Mickey and he says Now give me the tablets I need them, so I can be invisible from that we can see Mickey needs tablets because of the stress, but the last part makes it entertaining, its a sort of joke. There was also light romance between Mickey and Linda, she kept saying I love you Mickey, which was entertaining as Linda had said she loved him when they were children; the romance makes those serious issues between them seem entertaining. The music devices that Willey Russell used also make it entertaining and helps bring the characters to life on stage, the serious issues such as single parents and social class suddenly become entertaining because of these melodies. Willy Russell used music devices effectively to end Act 1 on a positive note. A quote to show this was, Were getting out. Were moving house, Were going away. Getting out today. Were moving movin movin house. The Johnstone had a lot of troubles up to that point, but they were finally moving to the countryside. The positive text and music contributes to the happy atmosphere, the chorus, Oh bright new day, were moving away, were startin all over again. Oh, bright new day, were going away, Where nobodys heard of our name, emphasises the importance of it and shows her happiness. The melody is an upbeat tune, the lyrics say that Oh bright new day, the constant repetition again emphasises the fact that the atmosphere is happy, so the issue of poverty and single parents are subconsciously portrayed in an entertaining way because of the music, melodies and positive text. The happy atmosphere also subconsciously makes the audience generate their expectations, that the next acts would be happy. Different types of songs are used to represent different parts of the play; there were ballads, Tell me its not true, say its just a story, something on the news, Tell me its not true, say its just a dream, for sad parts and lively songs, (from the previous quotes) for light-hearted aspects. The engaging songs and lyrics add to the drama because it is constantly enveloping with serious issues, which is entertaining, hence engaging for the audience. The themes of dancing, like, Oh we went dancing Edward, it was great and waltzing occurs throughout the play to go in tandem with the lively songs to add to the happy atmosphere again to portray the serious issues in an entertaining way. The end of the play deals with a lot of other serious issues in an entertaining approach. There is a lot of action and Mickey going crazy at the end, which is entertaining, this goes in tandem with the murders to portray it in an entertain way. The tension when Mickey was holding the gun also creates suspense for the audience and really engages them. The audience would subconsciously start the denotation to connotation process, as the gun connotes death and violence. Their expectations for the end of the play would be generated. The main issue of murder in the closing scene would be portrayed entertainingly because it was ironic that two twin brothers that were separated at birth eventually die on the same day. The author makes Mickey say You! Why didnt you give me away! I could have been. I could have been him! This shows that Mickey knows he could have been better off if he was in the higher-class family. Subsequently it shows that the Willy Russell thinks that it is class that caused the murder. The authors attitudes towards class are also revealed and justified in the narrators last speech. He trys to persuade the audience into thinking it was class because he stretches the last sentence Or could it be what we, the English come to know it as class? . He ends with a strong rhetorical question talking about class. This rhetorical question is cleverly used because it subconsciously makes us linger on the topic of class, and even be persuaded to think it was class that caused the murders. This reflects the attitudes of the author; he thinks that it was the different social classes mixing that caused the murders. His attitudes to social classes were high. He was concerned, that if people with a different social classes mix then it would spell trouble. In the play of Blood Brothers Willy Russell deals with a lot of serious issues in an entertaining way, this really engages the audience. He virtually engulfs all the serious issues with the entertainment and happy atmosphere, to portray them as entertaining. Our minds subconsciously think about the entertaining side of the issue rather than the serious side. The issues also add to the development of the play, poverty led to social class which eventually led to murder. However he trys to portray the issues in an entertaining way to engage the audience; it makes us feel and think about different aspects of the issues. Take social class for example, Mickey was brought up in a lower class family but probably had more enjoyment in his childhood than Edward. But Edward was not allowed much because of his parents. However when Mickey grew up he didnt have a good education and wasnt taught properly by his mother what was to do and not to do in life. These are different aspects of that issue, which were cleverly shown in an entertaining way by Willy Russell.

The Necessity of Bicycle Helmet Laws Essay example -- Expository Exemp

The Necessity of Bicycle Helmet Laws       Bicycle accidents have increased dramatically in the United States. About 500 American children and teenagers die each year in bicycle accidents, and three-quarters of those deaths come from head injuries (Jacques 1). Recent federal safety reports suggest that helmets can reduce the risk of head injury, but that only 4% of children under the age of ten wear helmets when bicycling. The percentage drops even more for young riders, particularly the rebellious 11- to 14-year-old age group. The younger generation often cites peer pressure, or the "nerd" factor, as the main reason for not wearing a helmet, and many adults say, "I did not wear one as a child, and I'm all right." Although states have been slow to mandate helmet laws because of such attitudes, I support development of bicycle laws. Mandatory helmet use for children under 16 will be effective in reducing head injuries, deaths, and medical insurance costs that affect us all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A report by the federal safety agency confirms mandated helmet laws reduce the risk of head injuries when bicyclists are involved in an accident. The majority of fatal bicycle accidents involve collision with a motorized vehicle of some kind. According to Louis Jacques, Assistant Professor at Wayne State University, bicycle-associated injuries account for an estimated 600,000 emergency room visits yearly in the United States, and about half of the bicycle accidents are head trauma. However, the federal safety report shows that bicycle helmets can reduce this number of head injuries by 85 percent. Unfortunately, the report also confirms that the use of bicycle helmets remains low unless mandated by law (296). Despite the fact that helmets don't pre... ...ncreased helmet use, will not only reduce head injuries by 85 percent, reduce deaths, and save millions of dollars for families and taxpayers, but also will spare parents immeasurable anguish. Regardless of one's personal stand on the use of helmets, it can't hurt bicyclists to wear them; it can certainty help. Bicyclists should use their heads by putting helmets on them! Works Cited Baum, Bob. "Bicycle Injuries." The Seattle Times. 22 Oct. 2013: A1. Carnale, Jim. Personal Interview. 22 April 2013. Jacques, Louis "Cycling." Public Health Report. March 2014: 296-301. Pessah, Joseph. "Safe Cycling." Newsday. 20 Nov. 2014: 7-8. Sacks, Jeffrey. " How many Are Preventable." Journal of the American Medical Association. 4 Dec. 2013: 3016-18. Weiss, Barry. "Bicycle helmets." Journal of the American Medical Association. 4 Dec. 2013: 3032 -33.

John Locke Essay Essay

Our Earth has been the home to a multitude of great thinkers. These thinkers were scattered throughout the generations from the Romans all the way to the 20th century; however, the time period with the most philosophers was the Enlightenment Age. During this time there were many thinkers such as Voltaire and Thomas Hobbes. One thinker in particular who contributed a great deal to history was John Locke. His work is still influencing the lives of people across the world 300 years later. He rethought the moral role of government, created a new theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights. The combination of these four things made him the single most influential philosopher during the Enlightenment Age, and even in history. During the 1600s-1700s, John Locke lived on this earth, observing how society functioned. He saw thinks very differently than the average person. Unlike many others, he used logic and reason in order to see the flaws of government. The government at the time was incredibly corrupt and unfair to the people. Taxes made the lives of 98% of the population miserable and insufferable. Locke could even be considered a humanist for his actions. He felt the people deserved a fair government that served them as appose to the people serving the government. According to Locke, â€Å"political power is the natural power of each man collectively given up into the hands of a designated body†1. In a more general sense, he created the social contract. Most people recognize this theory as the social contract because it is an agreement between government and its people. All people are born with their natural rights. The idea of the social contract is a community surrenders some degree of its natural rights in favor of government, which is better able to protect those rights than any man could alone. Protection is one of the greatest services any government can provide. People will enjoy living under a certain ruler if he or she can keep them safe. The quality of life is generally much higher when there is no constant fear of attack from a neighbor. The idea of the government providing protection had been around before, but Locke included the idea that government exists solely for the well being of the community. He stressed to the people that any government that breaks the contract can and should be replaced. Gradually, people began to process this idea and realized that Locke was right. They were the ones that should have the power, not the government. The people were unhappy with the way they were being treated, but they did not know what to do about it so they continued suffering. Locke gave them an instruction manual by saying, â€Å"the community has a moral obligation to revolt against or otherwise replace any government that forgets that it exists only for the people’s benefit†2. This struck true to many people because they were unhappy. It also gave reason for the government to be reasonable and not do anything outrageous. More power was given to the people and the days of absolute rule would no longer exist. One of Locke’s other contributions that was considered revolutionary was creating a new way theory of knowledge. Locke believed that knowledge was only gained through worldliness. He told people that experiences caused them to learn. One famous this he argued is that, â€Å"at birth the mind is a tabula rasa†3. Tabula rasa translates to â€Å"clean slate†. Essentially, everyone is born without knowledge and over time they become wiser and smarter. This was revolutionary because previously no one had every stopped to think about how knowledge was gained other than schooling. Locke was the first to think that people were born without any knowledge. He emphasized the five senses as well. Humans fill their clean slate with ideas and experience in the world through their five senses. There are many varying definitions of knowledge, but John Locke is the most accurate. Locke defines knowledge as â€Å"the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy, of the ideas humans form†4. Since our knowledge is derived from our experiences, it means our knowledge is limited. Not everyone can know everything since not one single person can experience everything this earth has to offer in one lifetime. This also means that everyone’s knowledge varies and no two people have the same exact knowledge since everyone’s experiences are different. Locke also notes that there is a great deal of unknown on this world and there always will be. This observation still is true today because there is a great deal of uncertainty in today’s society. He is also still influential because he taught us to question those uncertain areas. As a continuation, he agrees that there are certain things that we are certain of. One example that Locke uses is the certainty of our own existence and the existence of God even tough we may not fully comprehend who or what he was5. Another very complex theory that he had relating to the idea of knowledge was our ideas are related to reality. He said that, â€Å"our ideas correspond to external realities because the mind cannot invent such things without experience†6. The idea of knowledge was vague but Locke defined it in a very detailed and simple way for the average person to comprehend. This idea that our ideas are relates to reality because our mind cannot invent things without experience caused people a greater understanding of how their mind worked and encouraged them to experience more in their lives. John Locke is known for many contributions to society but one of his most influential was his inception of reason. He thought that every person had a purpose in life and that was to find truth. In believing this he encouraged people that God gave us our capacity for reason to aid us in the search for truth. Since Lock believed in a clean mind at birth, he also believed that people were born innocent. Innocence in his mind is eventually inevitably lost trough experience. That innocence disappears and creates knowledge. Locke wanted people to understand and think for themselves rather than follow their leaders blindly. He also considered truthful that, â€Å"each person has a duty to preserve other people as well as himself †¦ recognizing the responsibility to preserve the rights of all humankind naturally leads to tolerance†7. This idea directly leads to his idea of separation of church and state. To him, government had absolutely no right to impose itself people. The fact of the matter was that the government and state were one body. This gave them significant power to do anything they pleased. Locke was one of the very first to question governments over oppression. All men control their bodies and their minds so no other individual should try and control it. Also how â€Å"men naturally exist in a state of nature and so he needs to answer only to the laws of nature†8. The majority of leaders at the time were extremely unhappy with how Locke was influencing the general public. Ironically, now many leaders such as the president of the United States follow many of his beliefs. Locke also influenced the American Constitution when his ideas reached over seas. Early Americans saw the power of his theories such as the social contract and more importantly using reason. People wanted to be granted the same friends and eventually received them. Henry Ford once said, â€Å"thinking is the hardest work there is and that is why so few engage in it†. This quote is why John Locke is the greatest thinker and philosopher of all time. He devoted his life to changing not only the way people thought, but how they viewed life forever. No man has had a greater impact that him. Locke rethought the moral role of government, created a new way theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights. The combination of these four things is simply what made him such an indelible man. Sources 1. Uzgalis, William, Uzgalis,. â€Å"John Locke. † Stanford University. Stanford University, 02 Sept. 2001. Web. 08 Jan. 2014. 2. Locke, John. The Second Treatise on Civil Government. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1986. Print. 3. Aaron, Richard I. John Locke. Oxford: Clarendon, 1971. Print. 4. Berlin, Isaiah. The Age of Enlightenment. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979. Print. 5. Locke, John, and John Locke. The Second Treatise of Government; And, A Letter concerning Toleration. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002. Print.

Del monte VPN architecture suggestion for assignment

Del Monte Organization Structure Diagram. Source: Dolente. Co. Z The business halogens: Provide role-based access to network resources for employees and business partners Reduce administrative and network costs Provide high-confidentiality for business information on the network Network requirements: Flexible and adaptive security appliance provides a variety of secure remote access Pre-configured telethon solution provides convenient voice and data networking for home workers VPN solution integrates with existing network systems to enforce access policies Del Monte Diagram VPN protocols and technologies VPN generally can handle three of these scenarios such as Remote access network, ranch office connection network, also business partner/supplier network or can be called as Extranet. Some of the VPN technologies are MILS, Pipes and GREG. Pipes is an evolve form from the IPPP development and is shorted of being finalized by the IETF. It is an open architecture for IP packet encryption and authentication, thus it is located in the network layer. One of the VPN authentications that have been around for some time is Generic Routing Encapsulation (GREG). â€Å"It was first developed by Cisco as a mean to carry other routed protocols across a predominantly IP network.Some outwork administrators tried to reduce the administrative overhead in the core of their networks by removing all protocols except IP as a transport. † (Pearson, n. D. ) Multiprocessor Label Switching (MILS) is a standard-based technology used to speed up the delivery of network packets over multiple protocols such as ‘P, ATM and Frame Relay network protocols. It would allow us some significant improvements, not the least of which was an increase in speed. Perhaps the most important to us at the time, though, was that each branch could directly connect to both WHQL locations without the need for an additional PVC. It also allows every branch to communicate directly with every other branc h without traversing the WHQL locations.This is important as if we were looking to implement a Poi solution. VPN service provider must have a network infrastructure that can support of integrating remote access directly into an MILS VPN network in order for it to provide a good scalable and complete end-to-end VPN service. The customers can be Sips or large enterprises that want to provide access to remote users but avoid the need for maintaining their own separate and expensive access network. Virtual Private Network (VPN) uses hared public telecoms infrastructure, such as the internet, to provide secure access to remote offices and users in a cheaper way than an owned or leased line.VPN are secure because they use tunneling protocols and procedures such as Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (LOTT) and Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP). For this case in this assignment, I would suggest Pipes as the VPN technologies and authentication. This is the same as a basic concept that is bein g introduced by Security Association. The Job of AS is to make sure two or more entities secure when they are communicating with each other. Pipes itself has many options in providing security which includes encryption, integrity, and authenticity. For determining the Pipes security in details, both of Pipes peers must determine exactly which algorithm to use (e. : DES or DES for encryption, MAD or SHAH for integrity). Then continue with exchanging and sharing session keys. â€Å"An Pipes transform in Cisco ISO specifies either an AH or an ESP. protocol and its corresponding algorithms and mode. The Cisco Secure VPN Client uses the concept of security policies to specify the same parameters. † (Cisco Press, n. D. ) Network Solutions for Del Monte Major and required equipment and their significance Some important equipment that needed by the office are: Cisco AS 5500 series Adaptive Security Appliance Cisco MAC Appliance The Cisco MAC Appliance is a turnkey solution that conde nses the four MAC functions into one appliance.Some of MAC components are: Cisco NAS, Cisco NAME, Cisco ANA and Rule-set updates. MAC helps maintain network stability by providing authentication and authorization, posture assessment, quarantining of noncompliance systems and remediation of noncompliance systems. Cisco Secure ACS Cisco AS 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliance is the best suit for Del Monte. This series provide advance firewall, compatible with the VPN architecture, Intrusion Prevention and content security all in single platform. It is also an industry-leading secure mobility technology for an organization. With its Suspect VPN edition, Del Monte offers employees a wide range of remote access options.An offside worker can set up a clientà ¨les VPN connection using a web browser without pre-installed software. And also, SSL technology that delivers secured access to network by establishing an encrypted tunnel across the internet. Some of the specific details of Cis co AS sass's features: Cisco Easy VPN This feature centralized the management of VPN deployments and helps reduce their complexity. Centralized the management is done by managing Pipes policies and push to the client device by the server. It also allows a remote end user to communicate using IP security with any Cisco ISO VPN gateway. VPN authentication The authentication is done with Cisco Secure Access Control Server (ACS).ACS is an access policy control platform that helps you comply with growing regulatory and corporate requirements. It is utilized for wireless infrastructure. This ACS helps improve productivity and contain costs. ACS works with VPN and other remote outwork access devices to enforce access policies. It also supports administrators' authentications, authorizes commands and provides an audit trail. Cisco Anecdote VPN Client LANA-like users can use it for the network connection optimization in a full tunnel client mode on a variety of end-user platforms. Customizab le SSL VPN and Pipes Services for Any Deployment Scenario Depending on the series of the AS 5500, PIPS SSP is built-in to help preventing the intrusion.The Cisco AS 5500 Series helps businesses increase effectiveness and efficiency in protecting their networks and applications while delivering exceptional investment retention through the Market-proven security capabilities, Extensible integrated service architecture, Reduced-deployment and operations costs also Comprehensive management interface. Company's ERP and CRM Cisco VPN actually integrates smoothly with Del Mote's existing network to give employees access only to the resources that they need. This meaner that VPN will make sure only the authorizes users can access to the certain parts of the network and company resources. ERP integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system so that employees can make enterprise-wide sessions by viewing enterprise-wide information on all business ope rations.Enterprise System Automate business process ERP systems collect data from across an organization and correlate the data generating an enterprise-wide view to help run the business. Measuring ERP success There are several different departments in the company. Example, sales representative might need to access to Del Mote's data warehouse system (CRM) application to track a shipment. While finance organization need to access to ERP system, file sharing and administrative tools from their portal. So Cisco VPN makes ere that each department can only access to their own but not others. And yet IT professional might need access to everything on the network for troubleshooting or monitoring.Security To provide additional network security for remote employees, Del Monte can use the Cisco MAC appliance to enforce security policy compliance. It identifies the security policies before permitting those devices access to the network. Cisco MAC appliance is a network admission control tha t is designed by Cisco to produce a secure and clean network environment. Two Pipes Peers Using Active Directory-based Pipes Policy, Source: techno. Microsoft. Mom Pipes packet filtering Pipes has an ability to provide limited firewall capabilities for end systems by performing host-based packet filtering. It also can be configured to permit or block specific types of incase IP traffic based on source and destination address combinations and specific protocols and specific ports.While the security can be strengthen by using Pipes packet filtering to control exactly the type of communication that is allowed between systems. Filtering Packets by Using Pipes, Source: techno. Microsoft. Com Types of attacks Some of the possible attacks that can happen to VPN are: Brute force attacks and cautionary attacks. STEP attacks An STEP attack typically involves the creation of bogus root bridge. This can be accomplished using available software from the internet such as broccoli or step- packet. In this attack, Buds sent by the attacking host announce a lower bridge priority in an attempt to be elected as the root bridge, then the topology change Buds to force spanning-tree recalculations.If successful, the attacking host becomes the root bridge and sees a variety of frames that otherwise are not accessible. STEP attacks Brute force attack A cryptanalytic type of attack that is used against any encrypted data to guess the seer's surname and password. It is simply because this attack has a dictionary of commonly used passwords and cycle through those words until it gains access to the account. Brute force attack takes different variety times to complete as it is depending on the number of encryption size (64-bit, 128-bit or 256-bit). The higher number of the encryption, the longer time it is needed by Brute force to accomplish its attack.Dictionary attack A technique which is used by hacker to determine the decryption key of the authentication mechanism by trying it repeate dly until the real possibility is come UT. Basically, it is acting like a person who searches a keyword from a dictionary. Yet this attack only tries the best possibilities that are most likely to success. References: J. Charged and J. Pacer, MILS and VPN Architectures, 1st deed. Indianapolis, IN: Cisco System, Inc. , 2003. G. A. Donahue, Network Warrior, 2nd deed. Soapstone, CA: Reilly Media, 2011. J. Afraid and O. Santos, Cisco AS, 2nd deed. Indianapolis, IN: Cisco System, Inc. , 2010. O. Santos, End-to-end network security, USA-landslips, IN: Cisco System, Inc. , 2008. Pipes security. Retrieved from http://techno. Microsoft. Com

Free Essays on Cyber Criminals

A young teen calling himself â€Å"Mafiaboy† was arrested in Montreal, Canada early April of 2000. His crime? He was charged with at least one of the Denial-Of-Service (DoS) hacker attacks that blocked access to such popular sites as Yahoo!, Amazon, and eBay. –â€Å"Dembeck† Thirty years ago, a juvenile delinquent like â€Å"Mafiaboy† would be reduced to say, setting a mailbox on fire or some other adolescent prank. Now, with today’s technology, his â€Å"adolescent prank† disrupted world wide E-commerce and attracted massive media attention. Hackers like â€Å"Mafiaboy† are becoming more and more abundant these days, and are finding more innovative ways to accomplish their wide variety of goals. Their goal may be to send a virus to the computer of someone they dislike. Some of these â€Å"Cyber Criminals† hack into websites and destroy information, others hack into government or company computers, steal money and information, pirate software and more. There are many forms of computerized crime; most computer crime can be traced back to one common tool (besides a computer of course) the Internet. Yes, the same information super-highway that is used by millions of people everyday has become, to a hacker, nothing more than a gateway to easy, and thanks to up-to-date technology, relatively safe criminal mischief. The Internet is used for many good things, and is an irreplaceable tool for today’s world commerce, but thanks to cyber criminality, it is also a dangerous weapon that threatens that same commerce and even the security of the civilized world. There are about five main types of computerized crime. Illegal or offensive material is the first and one of the most common types. This is where the â€Å"criminal† posts illegal or offensive information or material on websites, netgroups, etc. Another common form of cyber crime is sending threatening or offensive e-mails. Sending ANY e-mail that appears to be threatening in nature, ... Free Essays on Cyber Criminals Free Essays on Cyber Criminals A young teen calling himself â€Å"Mafiaboy† was arrested in Montreal, Canada early April of 2000. His crime? He was charged with at least one of the Denial-Of-Service (DoS) hacker attacks that blocked access to such popular sites as Yahoo!, Amazon, and eBay. –â€Å"Dembeck† Thirty years ago, a juvenile delinquent like â€Å"Mafiaboy† would be reduced to say, setting a mailbox on fire or some other adolescent prank. Now, with today’s technology, his â€Å"adolescent prank† disrupted world wide E-commerce and attracted massive media attention. Hackers like â€Å"Mafiaboy† are becoming more and more abundant these days, and are finding more innovative ways to accomplish their wide variety of goals. Their goal may be to send a virus to the computer of someone they dislike. Some of these â€Å"Cyber Criminals† hack into websites and destroy information, others hack into government or company computers, steal money and information, pirate software and more. There are many forms of computerized crime; most computer crime can be traced back to one common tool (besides a computer of course) the Internet. Yes, the same information super-highway that is used by millions of people everyday has become, to a hacker, nothing more than a gateway to easy, and thanks to up-to-date technology, relatively safe criminal mischief. The Internet is used for many good things, and is an irreplaceable tool for today’s world commerce, but thanks to cyber criminality, it is also a dangerous weapon that threatens that same commerce and even the security of the civilized world. There are about five main types of computerized crime. Illegal or offensive material is the first and one of the most common types. This is where the â€Å"criminal† posts illegal or offensive information or material on websites, netgroups, etc. Another common form of cyber crime is sending threatening or offensive e-mails. Sending ANY e-mail that appears to be threatening in nature, ...

Specific Heat Capacity Definition

Specific Heat Capacity Definition Specific Heat Capacity Definition Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance per unit of mass. The specific heat capacity of a material is a physical property. It is also an example of an extensive property since its value is proportional to the size of the system being examined.In ​SI units, specific heat capacity (symbol: c) is the amount of heat in joules required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 Kelvin.   It may also be expressed as J/kg ·K. Specific heat capacity may be reported in the units of calories per gram degree Celsius, too. Related values are molar heat capacity, expressed in J/mol ·K, and volumetric heat capacity, given in J/m3 ·K. Heat capacity is defined as the ratio of the amount of energy transferred to a material and the change in temperature that is produced: C Q / ΔT where C is heat capacity, Q is energy (usually expressed in joules), and ΔT is the change in temperature (usually in degrees Celsius or in Kelvin). Alternatively, the equation may be written: Q CmΔT Specific heat and heat capacity are related by mass: C m * S Where C is heat capacity, m is mass of a material, and S is specific heat. Note that since specific heat is per unit mass, its value does not change, no matter the size of the sample. So, the specific heat of a gallon of water is the same as the specific heat of a drop of water. Its important to note the relationship between added heat, specific heat, mass, and temperature change does not apply during a phase change. The reason for this is because heat that is added or removed in a phase change does not alter the temperature. Also Known As: specific heat, mass specific heat, thermal capacity Specific Heat Capacity Examples Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J (or 1 calorie/gram  °C). This is a much higher value than that of most other substances, which makes water exceptionally good at regulating temperature. In contrast, copper has a specific heat capacity of 0.39 J. Table of Common Specific Heats and Heat Capacities This chart of specific heat and heat capacity values should help you get a better sense of the types of materials that readily conduct heat versus those which do not. As you might expect, metals have relatively low specific heats. Material Specific Heat(J/gC) Heat Capacity(J/C for 100 g) gold 0.129 12.9 mercury 0.140 14.0 copper 0.385 38.5 iron 0.450 45.0 salt (Nacl) 0.864 86.4 aluminum 0.902 90.2 air 1.01 101 ice 2.03 203 water 4.179 417.9 Sources Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert (2013).  Fundamentals of Physics. Wiley. p.  524.Kittel, Charles (2005). Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th Ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley Sons. p. 141. ISBN 0-471-41526-X.Laider, Keith J. (1993). The World of Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-855919-4.unus A. Cengel and Michael A. Boles (2010). Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (7th Edition). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 007-352932-X.

Drinking ages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drinking ages - Essay Example These laws encompass an extensive range of actions and issues associated with alcohol consumption; they clearly indicate when and where alcohol can be imbibed. However, the legal age for consumption of alcohol can be different from the legal age for purchasing of alcohol (Kindelberger 197). Furthermore, these laws are variable among different countries and many laws have room for exemptions under special circumstances; and most laws only restrict the imbibing of alcohol in public places, with no imposition of restriction on alcohol consumed at home. Many countries have different age restrictions for different kinds of alcoholic beverages. The United Kingdom is the only country that has set a minimum age restriction for imbibing alcohol at home. Whereas, in some countries minors are not restricted to consume alcohol, but the alcohol can be seized, and some restrict selling of alcohol to minors. Although the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 clearly specified that individuals of 21 years of age or older are allowed to purchase and consume alcohol, there have been intermittent debates whether the drinking age should be 21 or be lowered to 18. Scientists supporting either side come with substantial evidence. However, popular sentiment tells that there are more people supporting the legal drinking age of 21 than those supporting 18 years of age. The arguments from both sides are primarily centered on adults of age 18-21, and college and university students (Kiesbye 57). A large number of college and university officials have sparked debates that current alcohol drinking laws have poorly failed; that instead of drawing students away from alcohol, they have simply forced students to take underage drinking in secrecy toward dangerous extremes, and it has established a wide-spread culture of clandestine drinking among young adults,

Self. Consciousness and awareness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self. Consciousness and awareness - Essay Example ?a thinking intelligent Being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider it self as it self, the same thinking thing in different times and places† (Locke, 9). Locke states that as far as the consciousness can be extended to some past action or thought, so far can the identity of the person reach – therefore he correlates identity of a person with his consciousness. It is clear that John Locke makes a distinction between body and consciousness (â€Å"a man† and â€Å"a person†). For him these two notions are not the same. Man accounts for body and spirit, and person accounts for reason and reflection. Locke says that if a person would remember some things from his past, he would not be the same person, but nevertheless can be the same man. A big role is played by memory in Locke’s idea of personal identity. To explain his theory about separation of man and person, Locke gives a few examples. He states, for example, that if a prince and a cobbler would change bodies than a personal identity would be where the consciousness is. Another example is if Heliogabalus would turn into a pig, he would be the same person, but not a man. If a parrot holds rational, self-aware conversations, then he is a person, but not a man. These examples confirm Locke’s theory on separation of body and self. (Locke, 8, 15) Locke believes that if the body dies, the self is transferred into a new body, but it remains the same self, and therefore – the same identity, because identity, according to Locke, is independent of body. Locke does not identify consciousness with substance. He gives an example of a hand, being cut off the body. At that point, it becomes separate from the body, the substance of the body has changed (it does not have one hand anymore), but the consciousness did not change, and this is the same person (Locke, 11) John Locke states that consciousness unites actions into the same person. It is consciousness that unites actions different in time into the